Implementación de la metodología Lesson Study en diversos contextos educativos formales: patrones de éxito y áreas de mejora a partir de un análisis sistemático
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35622/j.rie.2024.04.006Palabras clave:
cooperación educacional, estudio de lecciones, formación de docentes, innovación educacional, rendimiento escolarResumen
La metodología Lesson Study es reconocida como una herramienta poderosa para fortalecer la práctica docente y el aprendizaje a nivel global. Sin embargo, su efectividad depende de superar barreras culturales, estructurales y metodológicas. Por ello, es crucial investigar cómo y bajo qué condiciones puede implementarse con éxito. Este estudio analizó la aplicación de esta metodología en diversos contextos educativos, identificando factores clave para su éxito y áreas críticas que requieren mejora para optimizar su impacto. Se siguió el protocolo PRISMA y se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science y ScienceDirect, seleccionando publicaciones en inglés entre 2010 y 2024. Inicialmente, se identificaron 1979 recursos, que se redujeron a 39 artículos empíricos con la palabra clave “Lesson Study” en su título. Los hallazgos principales indican que esta metodología se aplica principalmente en la formación inicial de docentes y en su desarrollo profesional. Entre las barreras más comunes se encuentran la resistencia al cambio y la falta de tiempo y recursos. Por otro lado, la colaboración interdisciplinaria, la integración de tecnología y las adaptaciones curriculares son facilitadores clave. Los impactos más significativos incluyen la mejora del conocimiento pedagógico y disciplinario, la reflexión crítica docente, el aumento del rendimiento académico, la atención a las necesidades individuales y la promoción de aprendizajes significativos en los estudiantes. En conclusión, una implementación adecuada de esta metodología fomenta la mejora de las estrategias de enseñanza, el aprendizaje de los estudiantes y, en consecuencia, la calidad educativa.
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