Alfabetización financiera como competencia clave en la formación universitaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35622/Palabras clave:
administración financiera, competencia profesional, educación complementaria, enseñanza superior, finanzasResumen
La alfabetización financiera se reconoce como una competencia esencial en la educación universitaria por su impacto directo en el bienestar económico y social. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar, mediante una revisión sistemática, su papel como competencia universitaria, sus beneficios, áreas clave, formas de integración curricular y principales desafíos de implementación. La revisión se realizó siguiendo las directrices PRISMA 2020 e incluyó artículos, libros y capítulos publicados entre 2020 y 2025 en SciELO, RedAlyC, Dialnet, ScienceDirect, Web of Science y Scopus. Tras los procesos de identificación, cribado y elegibilidad, se incorporaron 49 publicaciones para la síntesis cualitativa. Los resultados muestran una insuficiente educación financiera en las universidades, vinculada con decisiones económicas inadecuadas, mayor endeudamiento estudiantil y afectaciones al bienestar financiero y emocional de la población joven. Asimismo, la literatura evidencia beneficios claros de su incorporación, como mayor autonomía financiera, reducción del estrés económico, mejora en la toma de decisiones, planificación financiera a largo plazo y fomento del ahorro, la inversión responsable y el emprendimiento. Se identifican como áreas fundamentales el presupuesto, el ahorro, la gestión de deudas, el uso del crédito, la inversión, la fiscalidad y los seguros, destacando la necesidad de una integración transversal e interdisciplinaria en los programas académicos. No obstante, persisten barreras como la limitada capacitación docente, restricciones institucionales, resistencias curriculares y baja prioridad en las políticas públicas. Se concluye que la alfabetización financiera debe incorporarse formalmente al currículo universitario como una competencia clave.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Efraín Barragán-Perea, Javier Tarango-Ortiz (Autor/a)
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