Alfabetização financeira como competência-chave na formação universitária
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35622/Palavras-chave:
administração financeira, competência profissional, ensino complementar, ensino superior, finançasResumo
A alfabetização financeira é reconhecida como uma competência essencial na formação universitária devido ao seu impacto direto no bem-estar econômico e social. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, o papel da alfabetização financeira como competência universitária, seus benefícios, áreas fundamentais, formas de integração curricular e os principais desafios de implementação. A revisão seguiu as diretrizes do PRISMA 2020 e incluiu artigos, livros e capítulos de livros publicados entre 2020 e 2025 nas bases de dados SciELO, RedAlyC, Dialnet, ScienceDirect, Web of Science e Scopus. Após os processos de identificação, triagem e elegibilidade, 49 publicações foram incluídas na síntese qualitativa. Os resultados evidenciam uma educação financeira insuficiente nas universidades, associada a decisões econômicas inadequadas, maior endividamento estudantil e impactos negativos no bem-estar financeiro e emocional dos jovens. A literatura também destaca benefícios claros de sua incorporação, como maior autonomia financeira, redução do estresse econômico, melhoria na tomada de decisões, planejamento financeiro de longo prazo e o incentivo à poupança, ao investimento responsável e ao empreendedorismo. As áreas centrais da alfabetização financeira incluem orçamento, poupança, gestão de dívidas, uso do crédito, investimento, tributação e seguros, ressaltando a necessidade de uma integração transversal e interdisciplinar nos programas acadêmicos. No entanto, persistem barreiras relevantes, como a capacitação limitada do corpo docente, restrições institucionais, resistências curriculares e a baixa prioridade nas políticas públicas. Conclui-se que a alfabetização financeira deve ser incorporada formalmente ao currículo universitário como uma competência fundamental para enfrentar os desafios econômicos contemporâneos.
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