Prática de meditação por alunos do ensino fundamental e médio no Peru: um estudo confirmatório de saúde e desempenho escolar

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35622/j.rie.2022.01.002

Palavras-chave:

saúde, pesquisa observacional, Peru, desempenho escolar, meditação transcendental

Resumo

As escolas no Peru normalmente não são locais de pesquisa sobre meditação ou seu possível papel na saúde do aluno ou nos resultados do ensino fundamental e médio. Este estudo observacional retrospectivo busca começar a corrigir essa deficiência de evidências, confirmando os resultados de um estudo anterior em menor escala de 91 alunos em Huay-Huay, com um foco específico na prática da Meditação Transcendental em escolas peruanas, algumas em locais remotos com indígenas alunos. Quinhentos e vinte alunos do ensino fundamental e médio de quatro escolas em Lima, Cusco, Puno e Ventanilla foram solicitados a avaliar sua experiência de meditação e sua relação com quatro fatores usando um questionário de papel e lápis: saúde física; saúde cognitiva; saúde emocional; e desempenho escolar. Uma média de 66% dos alunos concordou que se beneficiaram da prática da Meditação Transcendental em cada área da saúde e desempenho escolar, e a regularidade da prática foi um predicador moderado de pontuações mais altas em cada variável. Essas descobertas quantitativas sugerem um papel a ser desempenhado pelo acréscimo da Meditação Transcendental aos currículos das escolas primárias e secundárias no Peru.

Biografia do Autor

  • Lee Fergusson, University of Southern Queensland

    Dr. Lee Fergusson is Program Director of the Master of Professional Studies (Research) program at University of Southern Queensland and Professor of Vedic Science, Education and Environment at Maharishi Vedic Research Institute in Australia. He is the author and editor of 13 books, including Living Peace: The Contribution of Maharishi Vedic Science to Global Security (2020), Redefining Sustainability (2019), What a Waste: Studies in Anthropogenic Sources of Pollution (2016), and Red Mud Futures: Repurposing One of the World’s Largest Industrial Waste By-products (2015). His research papers on education, psychology, health, systems science, sustainability and the environment have been published in many international journals, including Journal of Latinos and Education, Asian Journal of Chemistry, History of Education, Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology, Journal of Environmental Quality, Reflective Practice, Journal of Work-Applied Management, Perceptual and Motor Skills, Social Science Perspectives Journal, Studies in Asian Social Science, and Higher Education Research and Development.

  • Javier Ortiz, Instituto Maharishi de Ciencia y Tecnología del Perú

    Javier Ortiz is an independent researcher and director, Instituto Maharishi de Ciencia y Tecnología del Perú in Lima. He is a Peruvian architect, urban planner, educator, poet, and lecturer in human development, and a consultant in Vedic Architecture at Maharishi Vāstu Alliance. Ortiz Cabrejos has lectured at universities and institutions in over 30 countries and developed educational projects in colleges and universities in Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Bogota, and Medellin, as well as in schools and universities in Peruvian cities such as Lima, Callao, Cusco, Trujillo, Arequipa, Huancayo, Iquitos and Puno. In the last 15 years, he implemented Latin American projects in Consciousness-Based Education at 60 schools to more than 50,000 students.

  • Anna Bonshek, Maharishi Vedic Research Institute

    Dr Anna Bonshek is the MahaGauri Professor of Vedic Science, Art and Vedic Architecture at Maharishi Vedic Research Institute in Australia, and a consultant in Vedic Architecture at Maharishi Vāstu Alliance. Dr Bonshek is the author and editor of several books, including Living Peace: The Contribution of Maharishi Vedic Science to Global Security (2020), The Big Fish: Consciousness as Structure, Body and Space (2007), and Mirror of Consciousness: Art, Creativity and Veda (2001), and has published research in international journals, including International Journal of Architecture and Urban Design, Open House International, Asia-Pacific Journal of Education, International Journal of Indian Psychology, New Art Examiner, and Artlink.

Referências

Adler, A. (2016). Teaching well-being increases academic performance: Evidence from Bhutan, Mexico, and Peru. Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations, 1572.

Baijal, S., Jha, A. P., Kiyonaga, A., Singh, R., and Srinivasan, N. (2011). The influence of concentrative meditation training on the development of attention networks during early adolescence. Frontiers in Psychology, 2. http://doi.org/10.2289/fpsy.2011.00153 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00153

Belham, M. de F. C. (2011). Introducing in a military academy the Transcendental Meditation program for prevention of stress. In M. C. Dillbeck, Scientific research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi programme: Collected papers (Vol. 6) (pp. 4068‒4072). Maharishi University of Management Press.

Benn, R. (2003). Transcendental Meditation and emotional functioning in fifth grade students. Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies, 8(4), 480‒481. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7166.2003.tb03975.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7166.2003.tb03975.x

Bennetts, S. K., Mensah, F. K., Green, J., Hackworth, N. J., Westrupp, E. M., & Reilly, S. (2017). Mothers’ experiences of parent-reported and video-recorded observational assessments. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26, 3312‒3326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0826-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0826-1

Bleasdale, J. E., Peterson, M. C., & Nidich, S. (2019). Effect of meditation on social/emotional well-being in a high-performing high school. Professional School Counseling, 23(1), 2156759X20940639. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X20940639 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X20940639

Chalmers, R., Clements, G., Schenkluhn, H., & Weinless, M. (Eds.) (1989a). Scientific research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi programme: Collected papers, volume 2. Maharishi Vedic University Press.

Chalmers, R., Clements, G., Schenkluhn, H., & Weinless, M. (Eds.) (1989b). Scientific research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi programme: Collected papers, volume 3. Maharishi Vedic University Press.

Chalmers, R., Clements, G., Schenkluhn, H., & Weinless, M. (Eds.) (1989c). Scientific research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi programme: Collected papers, volume 4. Maharishi Vedic University Press.

Chételat, G., Lutz, A., Arenaza-Urquijo, E., Collette, F., Klimecki, O., & Marchant, N. (2018). Why could meditation practice help promote mental health and well-being in aging? Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy, 10(1), 1‒4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-018-0388-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-018-0388-5

de Araujo, A. C., de Santana, C. L. A., Kozasa, E. H., Lacerda, S. S., & Tanaka, L. H. (2020). Effects of a mindfulness meditation course on healthcare students in Brazil. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, 33(3), 1‒9. https://doi.org/10.37689/acta-ape/2020AO0170 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37689/acta-ape/2020AO0170

Dillbeck, M. C. (Ed.) (2011). Scientific research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program: Collected papers, volume 6. Maharishi University of Management Press.

Dillbeck, M. C., Barnes, V. A., Schneider, R. H., Travis, F. T., & Walton, K. G. (Eds.) (2013). Scientific research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program: Collected papers, volume 7. Maharishi Vedic University Press.

Dillbeck, M. C., Barnes, V. A., Schneider, R. H., & Travis, F. T. (Eds.) (2020). Scientific research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program: Collected papers, volume 8. Maharishi Vedic University Press.

Elder, C., Nidich, S., Moriarity, F., & Nidich, R. (2014). Effects of Transcendental Meditation on employees’ stress, depression, and burnout: A randomized controlled study. The Permanente Journal, 18, 19‒23. https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/13-102 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/13-102

Fergusson, L., Harmes, M., Hayes, F., & Rahmann, C. (2019). Lines-of-inquiry and sources of evidence in work-based research. Work-Based Learning e-Journal International, 8(2), 85‒104.

Fergusson, L., Ortiz Cabrejos, J., & Bonshek, A. (2020). Long-term meditation practice in Puno, Perú: A five-level exploratory model of theory and research. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 8(3), 755‒777. https://doi.org/10.25215/0803.086

Fergusson, L., Ortiz Cabrejos, J., & Bonshek, A. (2021a). Aymara childrens’ practice of Transcendental Meditation in Perú: A learning history model of parent and teacher perceptions, Journal of Latinos and Education. Advance online publication. http://doi.org/ 10.1080/15348431.2021.1876695. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15348431.2021.1876695

Fergusson, L., Ortiz Cabrejos, J., & Bonshek, A. (2021b). Health and school performance: A preliminary quantitative study of indigenous school children in Huay-Huay, Perú. Educación, 30(59), 1‒23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18800/educacion.202102.004

Gates, A. B., Ritchie, I. K., Moffatt, F., & Breda, J. (2018). Leadership in physical activity: Is this the currency of change in the student healthcare curriculum? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(23), 1484‒1485. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099587 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099587

Geertsen, S. S., Thomas, R., Larsen, M. N., Dahn, I. M., Andersen, J. N., Krause-Jensen, M., … Lundbye-Jensen, J. (2016). Motor skills and exercise capacity are associated with objective measures of cognitive functions and academic performance in preadolescent children. PLoS ONE, 11(8), e0161960. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161960 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161960

Gilmartin-Thomas, J. F., Liew, D., & Hopper, I. (2018). Observational studies and their utility for practice. Australian Prescriber, 41(3), 82. https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2018.017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2018.017

Grosswald, S. J., Stixrud, W. R., Travis, F., & Bateh, M. A. (2008). Use of the Transcendental Meditation technique to reduce symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by reducing stress and anxiety: An exploratory study. Current Issues in Education [online], 10(2).

Harris, J. P. (2019). The case for physical education becoming a core subject in the national curriculum. Physical Education Matters, Summer 2018, 9‒12.

Heo, M., Kim, N., & Faith, M. S. (2015). Statistical power as a function of Cronbach alpha of instrument questionnaire items. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 15(1), 1‒9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-015-0070-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-015-0070-6

Herani, G. M., & Kumar, A. (2015). Performance of Transcendental Meditation in Pakistan and suggestions in light of worldwide consciousness-based education (CBE) learning. Journal of Management for Global Sustainable Development, 1, 69‒76.

Ho, J. Y., & Hendi, A. S. (2018). Recent trends in life expectancy across high income countries: Retrospective observational study. BMJ, 362, 1‒14. http://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k2562 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k2562

Hussain, D., & Bhushan, B. (2010). Psychology of meditation and health: Present status and future directions. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 10(3), 439‒451.

Johns, G., & Miraglia, M. (2015). The reliability, validity, and accuracy of self-reported absenteeism from work: A meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 20(1), 1. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0037754 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037754

Kreplin, U., Farias, M., & Brazil, I. A. (2018). The limited prosocial effects of meditation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 1‒10. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20299-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20299-z

Luberto, C. M., Shinday, N., Song, R., Philpotts, L. L., Park, E. R., Fricchione, G. L., & Yeh, G. Y. (2018). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of meditation on empathy, compassion, and prosocial behaviors. Mindfulness, 9(3), 708‒724. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0841-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0841-8

Liu, C., Luo, R., Yi, H., Zhang, L., Li, S., Bai, Y., … Wang, J. (2015). Soil-transmitted helminths in southwestern China: A cross-sectional study of links to cognitive ability, nutrition, and school performance among children. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9(6), e0003877. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003877 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003877

Lynch, J., Prihodova, L., Dunne, P. J., Carroll, A., Walsh, C., McMahon, G., & White, B. (2018). Mantra meditation for mental health in the general population: A systematic review. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 23, 101‒108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2018.09.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2018.09.010

Macinko, J., & Upchurch, D. M. (2019). Factors associated with the use of meditation, US adults 2017. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 25(9), 920‒927. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2019.0206 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2019.0206

Maharishi Foundation International. (2013). The Transcendental Meditation program: Fundamentally unique (2nd ed.). The Netherlands: Maharishi Vedic University Press.

Maharishi Foundation International. (2014). The Transcendental Meditation pocket book: Steps of knowledge and experience (3rd ed.). The Netherlands: Maharishi Vedic University Press.

Ng, Z. J., Huebner, S. E., & Hills, K. J. (2015). Life satisfaction and academic performance in early adolescents: Evidence for reciprocal association. Journal of School Psychology, 53, 479‒491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2015.09.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2015.09.004

Nidich, S. I., & Nidich, R. J. (1989). Increased academic achievement at Maharishi School of the Age of Enlightenment: A replication study. Education, 109, 302‒304.

Nidich, S., Mjasiri, S., Nidich, R., Rainforth, M., Grant, J., Valosek, L., Chang, W., & Zigler, R. L. (2011) Academic achievement and Transcendental Meditation: A study with at-risk urban middle school students. Education, 131, 556‒564.

Orme-Johnson, D. W., & Farrow J. T. (Eds.) (1977). Scientific research on the Transcendental Meditation program: Collected papers, volume 1. Maharishi European Research University Press.

Ramos-Jimenez, A., Hernández-Torres, R. P., Wall-Medrano, A., Muñoz-Daw, M. D., Torres-Durán, P. V., & Juárez-Oropeza, M. A. (2009). Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of intensive Hatha Yoga training in middle-aged and older women from northern Mexico. International Journal of Yoga, 2(2), 49. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-6131.60044 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-6131.60044

Reddy, K. M., Lakshmi, A. J., & Rao, V. R. (1977). The effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on athletic performance. In D. W. Orme-Johnson & J. T. Farrow J. T. (Eds.), Scientific research on the Transcendental Meditation program: Collected papers, volume 1 (pp. 346‒358). Maharishi European Research University Press.

Saizar, M. (2018). Between tradition and change: Appropriation dynamics and integration processes of Hinduism in Argentina. International Journal of Latin American Religions, 2(1), 72‒85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41603-018-0042-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41603-018-0042-9

Sibbritt, D., Adams, J., & van der Riet, P. (2011). The prevalence and characteristics of young and mid-age women who use yoga and meditation: Results of a nationally representative survey of 19,209 Australian women. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 19(2), 71‒77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2010.12.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2010.12.009

Taras, H. (2005). Physical activity and student performance at school. Journal of School Health, 75(6), 214‒218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2005.tb06675.x

Upchurch, D. M., & Johnson, P. J. (2019). Gender differences in prevalence, patterns, purposes, and perceived benefits of meditation practices in the United States. Journal of Women's Health, 28(2), 135‒142. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2018.7178 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2018.7178

Valosek, L., Nidich, S., Wendt, S., Grant, J., & Nidich, R. (2019). Effect of meditation on social-emotional learning in middle school students. Education, 139(3), 111‒119.

Wallace, R. K., Orme-Johnson, D. W., & Dillbeck, M. C. (Eds.) (1990). Scientific research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program: Collected papers, volume 5. Maharishi International University Press.

Walton, K. G., Schneider, R. H., Salerno, J. W., & Nidich, S. I. (2005). Psychosocial stress and cardiovascular disease—Part 3: Clinical and policy implications of research on the Transcendental Meditation program. Behavioral Medicine, 30, 173‒183. https://doi.org/10.3200/BMED.30.4.173-184 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3200/BMED.30.4.173-184

Publicado

2021-11-09

Edição

Seção

Artículos originales

Como Citar

Fergusson, L., Ortiz, J., & Bonshek, A. (2021). Prática de meditação por alunos do ensino fundamental e médio no Peru: um estudo confirmatório de saúde e desempenho escolar. Revista Innova Educación, 4(1), 21-38. https://doi.org/10.35622/j.rie.2022.01.002

Artigos Semelhantes

11-20 de 194

Você também pode iniciar uma pesquisa avançada por similaridade para este artigo.